Sunday, July 27, 2014

"Please Don't Share About Your Pay with Coworkers"

Surfing across the plethora of reading materials available online, I came across this article When the Boss Says, 'Don't Tell Your Coworkers How Much You Get Paid' on The Atlantic

This article talks about the gag rule at companies and how the employees are discouraged to talk about their salaries or perks/tips with their colleagues. According to the article, though it is illegal in USA to tell your employees that they can't share about their salaries with co-workers but it is a prevalent practice. 

There were two interesting observations in it. The first was: 
"Even the most confident among us can melt into awkward, self-conscious messes when we have to negotiate our salaries, and asking a coworker about pay seems akin to asking about their sex life." 
Don't think the above  requires any further explanation. The second observation was: 
"Private companies are showing that opening up the books completely can work, while the public sector has done that for decades, yet many still fear that talking about pay would destroy our workplace collegiality."
This was quite correct, in public sector the pay scale is very transparent, even in India. Therefore the question is why such secrecy? How does it make a difference? 

While the usual argument that I managed to read is that employees may not put in the same amount of effort if they are not motivated. But let's face it, every work can be quantified and  some amount of quality check can also be introduced. I think the simple solution would be to give performance based bonus with some component of quantification, and some amount in terms of quality. Its also not necessary that all of this has to be paid in full. I agree setting up that process would take some time and cross-disciplinary understanding but its definitely possible! 

Well since I have managed to retain your attention so far, let's turn talk a bit on the focus area of this blog. When you are planning to invest in any company, always look into the amount of payment made to a CEO and boar of directors (given in the annual report). Also read any note on this subject and compare this over the years. It is most of the time a vital clue if you can trust the company on transparency level or not. A company which is giving undue among of money to its CEO, just because they are also founders, then it is definitely a red flag.

Similarly when you see the list of the members of the board of directors, check how people are related to the business or the founders or the CEO, and also how much are they paid and how often are the meetings held and their views sought after. If the members of the board of directors can bring industry or cross-disciplinary insight to the business and their fees is in line with the industry (check companies of similar size and in similar domain) then it is acceptable or keep an eye on the company with periodic review.

p.s. if you are reading this and can point out to some company which has implemented some unique and perhaps open structure of salary and also makes sure that performing employees are given due encouragement then do share with me. 



Monday, July 21, 2014

Circle Rate & Market Rate, what’s the difference?

Has your broker or the person from whom you were buying the land, flat, residential complex complained about the increase in circle rates? Have you read about the increase of circle rate in your city in the media? Did it raise the queries: What is a circle rate? And what is a market rate?

What is a circle rate?

Circle rate is the minimum value at which the sale or transfer of a plot, built-up house, apartment or a commercial property can take place. This rate is set by the state government’s revenue departments or the local development authorities. Rohan Sharma, Senior Manager Research & REIS, JLL India, says, “The circle rate is in line with what the state government officials’ perceive as the prices at which property sale or transfer should be undertaken.” Within a city, there are different circle rates for different localities.

Since the real estate market is opaque and there is no accurate price index, the purpose for setting in the circle rates is to put a check on speculation of property prices.

Sharma points that across all property markets in India, the circle rates are lower than the actual market rates because circle rate are not revised often enough to keep them in tandem with the market price.

Therefore, circle rates do not represent the actual barometer of ground realities.


Box 1: 
Circle rates is the least price at which the transaction can take place. The associated stamp duty and registration charges for the sale of the property is always decided on the basis of the transaction amount. And this transaction price can be higher than the circle rate, hence the stamp duty and registration will be higher.

For example, circle rate in Worli area of Mumbai is in the range of Rs 32,293 per sq. ft, where as the market rate is approximately around Rs 62,000 per sq. ft; hence the market rate is at a premium of 92 per cent as over the circle rate. Whereas in another part of the city, Bandra (West)the circle rate is Rs 30,398 per sq. ft as against the market rate of Rs 42,000 per sq ft. Thereby, the premium over the market rate is of 38 per cent (Rates shared by Capri Global Capital Limited).

Hence in the above example, if the transaction is done at the market price then the stamp duty and registration charges will also be set according to the market price, that is the transaction price.


What is a market rate?

Market rates are the price that one pays to buy a property, it is determined based on the agreement between buyers and sellers. Sunil Kapoor, Executive Director, Capri Global Capital, says, “Market rates are determined by the seller's expectation of price and the buyer's inclination to pay.”

It is a price range arrived at by looking at actual transaction prices in a location, and is a better indicator of what sellers demand and what buyers are willing to pay. As these prices are determined by demand and supply, an area with lower supply but higher demand will inevitably command higher prices when compared to another.

The difference

Even though circle rates and market rates are connected, they have a limited impact on each other. In reality the market rates are never below the circle rate. A significantly higher difference between the two is an indication of lag between market perception of the value and the authority’s view of it.

This difference has also been stated as the key reason for black money transactions in the Indian real estate market.

In most cases when a property is sold or transactions, stamp duties and registration charges are usually paid by the buyer. “It has been argued that the increase in circle rates causes the rate of transactions to drop. Be that as it may, the gap between the circle rate and the market rate reduces and the proportion of genuine buyers with clear, accounted money entering into transactions increases. Though this may reduce transaction velocity, it also reduces the incidence of black money being parked into real estate assets”, says Sharma.

Revising the circle rates every quarter or once in six months will keep the market rate and circle rate more in tandem. At the same time, state governments' treasuries would generate higher tax collection from real estate transactions, as stamp duty is paid on a circle rate which is in sync with the market rates, or close to them. Also it will significantly help in curbing the incidence of black money and money laundering through real estate.

However, this will impact the property buyers’ with additional burden as they would have to shell out higher stamp duties, resulting in marginally higher transaction costs and overall cost of ownership.

But this act will help to remove the black money in real estate, and hence it would behave in a rational manner as far as pricing of projects is concerned. Rather than considering this as a wasted expenditure, it will be helpful in increasing the investment value, and therefore potential resale value, of the property. Finally, higher revenue for the government means more funds available for support infrastructure development.

As an individual should you look at the circle rate or market rate more often? Sachin Sandhir, Managing Director, RICS South Asia says, “Buyers should look at the market rate, as that determines their buying capacity. Market rate also indicate the extent of appreciation in an area.”

Ideally one should look out for the difference between the circle rate and market rate earlier and at current levels.  For genuine buyers a less difference between circle rate and market rate will be beneficial, since loans are given on the basis of the sales deed, which is often closer to the circle rates.


(This is the submission draft. The story had appeared in July issue of Money Today. To read the final version click here or copy paste the given below link--  

http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/buying-property-circle-market-rates-comparison/1/207690.html)

Wednesday, July 9, 2014

Who has got it wrong -- SEBI or the Journalist?

Business Standard published a news article where it informs that SEBI has sent notice to 20 AMCs, for parking undeployed funds in short term debt instruments.

"By Sebi norms, an AMC cannot park funds in short-term deposits of banks in excess of 15 per cent of net assets of the scheme. The investment could be raised up to 20 per cent but only after the approval of trustees." -- Business Standard 

Now I think there is a serious problem with this news. Perhaps it is correct or maybe SEBI needs to do a bit of homework. Each fund has a strategy. Anyone who has been reading market history or has had the chance to see it will know that no strategy works all the time.

At one point in time, the fund manager will not able to find good ideas to invest in because of the strategy or the philosophy is not suitable for that market condition. In such times the choice for the fund manager would be limited. Either they can keep the money in some safe, liquid deposit or take risk beyond their comfort level. Therefore, this notice from SEBI’s does question their wisdom or the reporting standard?

I don’t know what to think! Perhaps the SEBI.

Friday, July 4, 2014

ETFs in India - Where they are and what to expect?

Why equity exchange-traded funds attract few investors in India.

Despite the potential to grow, ETF in India are slowly losing its relevance as active fund management still outperforms ETF in returns as well as on risk parameters

Mukesh Chothani, president at Investment Consultant Association in Nashik, some 170 km away from Mumbai doesn’t market, exchange traded fund (ETFs) to investors. The reason: Simple it doesn’t pay. Says Chothani, “Unlike equity mutual fund we do not get anything in an ETF. In Nashik the total investment market is about Rs 2,000 crore and ETFs investment is about Rs 50 crore. Among the clients whom I advise, about 1 per cent of the AUM is in the ETF segment.”

Cut to Aashish Somaiyaa, CEO and MD of Motilal Oswal Mutual Fund himself believes in parking his money in active funds than passive funds. Somaiyaa says, “I would personally prefer to invest in an active fund driven by a philosophy I understand, and agree to.” It’s interesting because it comes from a fund house that started from selling ETF funds to investors and today has changed their marketing strategy by selling active mutual funds. The reason being lack of interest in ETF’s in India.

Players like Chothani sells ETF to clients where he is sure that they would pay him an advisory fee. It’s not just Chothani but the trend is similar across Nashik and in the country and the number says it all.

The ETF space in the Indian mutual fund industry has a meagre share of 0.5 per cent of the equity asset under management (AUM) till the launch of GS CPSE Exchange Traded Scheme. After the GS CPSE ETS had garnered Rs 3395 crore, the share of the ETF/ETS in the equity space has risen to 2.45 per cent. Compared globally the ETF industry continues to grow, as investors and traders around the world become more familiar with the unique features of ETFs. According to E&Y, at the end of October 2013, from 215 providers on 58 exchanges.

Why is the ETF market small in India?

Awareness about ETFs is currently very limited. Maximum awareness is about the gold ETFs due to the popularity. Vishal Dhawan, Chief Financial Planner at Plan Ahead, an investment advisory firm, says, “Since a large number of ETFs are based on equity indices, and equities as an asset class has seen very limited participation from investors in the last few years, ETFs have naturally not got much attention.” He expects that as equity markets start to get enhanced participation, ETFs would become more popular as well.

Adds Rohit Shah, a SEBI registered Investment Adviser based out of Mumbai, “Indian savers love fixed deposits and real estate, they don't yet understand how ETFs can be leveraged in one's portfolio. Another reason is internationally ETFs are low cost products. In India, with AMC expenses, brokerage, securities transaction tax (STT), Demat charges, the ETFs aren’t attractive and the cost structure are very much similar with actively managed funds.”

Everyone accepts that the ETF market is not deep in India because there are less institutional investors in India who are using it as an investment vehicle. Vineet Arora, Head – Product Distribution at ICICI Securities says, “ETFs are not on the approved list of many institutional investors, even the IRDA has recently allowed insurance companies to invest in ETFs.” Meanwhile Vinod Jain, Founder of Jain Investment points that the institutional market is not deep in India as pension funds hardly invest in the Indian stock market.

“With the latest effort of the market regulator to bring in more transparency and shift the business model towards fee or advisory based structure rather than the commission based model, the ETFs will witness new demand from the retail investors as financial advisors would be recommending the product more often, considering ETFs are cheaper in cost and the advisor will look into the asset allocation for the investors,” says Aashish Somaiyaa, CEO and MD of Motilal Oswal Mutual Fund.  Adds Chothani, “In India we need to decide if ETFs will be promoted as an investment product or as a trading product.”

On the performance front, ETFs lag the active funds anywhere between 200 to 500 basis points. Interestingly, active funds have delivered higher returns on back of low risk. On an average the active funds enjoyed a beta (it measures volatility compared to the index) of 0.8 compared to a one of ETFs. (See: The performance differential --Active V/s Passive)

So should investors in India consider ETFs?

Experts believe otherwise. Investors should consider ETFs for the passive part of their portfolio, wherein they are looking for a passively managed lower cost solution. “International ETFs like the MOSL NASDAQ, GS Hang Seng Bees are other options that one can consider,” says Dhavan.

“This depends upon one's investment objectives, duration and current asset allocation. Since over a long period of time, ETFs can save on costs and therefore we normally recommend exposure of around 10 to 15 per cent exposure to ETFs subject to various factors,” says Shah.

There has been a raging debate on whether in a growing economy like India one should choose passive funds. PVK Mohan – Head Equity Principal PNB AMC believes that active fund manager is the choice to go for investors. “If I see the BSE mid-cap today, the FIIs own about 15 per cent of the index, the same thing 3 or 4 years ago was about 9 per cent. This tells you the interest. So the Alpha (measure of returns) generation potential continues in the near term. Over the next 4-5 years the alpha returns in India will be high, hence active fund management will be a better choice of funds.”

With the ETF segment being open to institutional investors like life insurance and pension funds, the segment has potential to grow and evolve. Investors, especially retail would be better-off investing in active funds than ETFs.


(This is the submission draft. The story had appeared in June issue of Money Today. You can read the final version Click here or copy paste the given below link--  

http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/why-equity-exchange-traded-funds-unpopular-in-india/1/206320.html)

Wednesday, July 2, 2014

Tax Savings through Charity

Sharing is Caring and using the same for tax benefit.

To help in the hour of need is humanity and as much a part of the Indian Culture.

McKinsy & Company in its report, Designing Philanthropy for Impact, sums up the evolution of philanthropy in India, “India has a long tradition of philanthropic giving, with all religions promoting the concept of charity. Until the 1800s, giving in India was largely religious in nature and motivated by the search for individual salvation.

“Later, philanthropy also began to be directed toward social causes such as education and women’s rights. Throughout the 20th century, leading Indian industrialists established foundations and other charitable institutions of national importance (for example, the Indian Institute of Science, catalyzed by the Tata Group), some of which were partly inspired by the country’s freedom movement.”

Adding to this J.C. Sharma, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Sobha Developers says, “We have been lucky to have had the opportunity to grow and live the lifestyle that not many people are privileged to lead. I believe it is our obligation to do our bit for the society.”

At one point or the other, most people tend to be involved in helping an unknown person through charity or philanthropy but there were some common queries among people.

The biggest concern was, ‘was the money properly utilized’ for the purpose for which they had been giving out charity.

“It was a big challenge to identify NGO's who genuinely work for the poor and needy of the society. So to best utilize our resources for a cause we created our own charity wing- The Paras Foundation,” says Pravesh Jain, Founder Paras Foundation and Managing Director, Paras Dyes and Chemicals.

Jain says, “It has been almost a three decade since my brother, Rakesh Jain, and I ventured into opening an old age home- Ghauranda.” The idea was to give home to homeless, our old age home provides comfortable accommodation, healthy food, health care, recreations etc. all free of cost.

“We do all our charity works through our own foundation as it is easy to monitor and evaluate. Hardly have we donated to others. But yes, in any special situation we do so after evaluating their track record and their ethics and dedication,” says Jain.

Prema Sagar, Founding Trustee, Genesis Foundation says, “There are various factors that go into evaluating an NGO. Some of the important parameters are background of founders, number of years in operation, impact of work, transparency, organizations associated with the NGO, reputation etc.”
Sagar further adds that donors can ask the NGO to provide details of how their funds have been utilized. And that the NGOs should also as a practice inform its donors about the impact that has been made by donations.

Rohit Shah, CEO, GettingYouRich and a Certified Financial Planner, says “While clients are donating money, they have no way to actually monitor the usage etc.” He then points out that organizations like www.giveindia.org are doing a good job by providing regular updates to donors. As an example, if someone has opted for education fees support to a girl, then they send progress reports on a regular basis.
The second aspect of the charity is that many people who are not aware that their charitable cause can also result in tax benefit. Samir Rahman, an IT consultant from Bangalore says, “I give out charity to religious and other NGOs in the space of the child support but I don’t look into the tax benefit angle of the same.”

The form 16 given to salaried individuals doesn't show any deductions on donations made under Section 80G. Therefore, any donation made that can qualify for tax deduction under Section 80G, for which you will have to furnish details of donations made while filing your return and claim a refund.

Post-retirement from Paramilitary Forces, Rati Acharya went to see NGOs and felt it was more about collecting money than serving the needy. So she started using her expertise as a doctor for serving the needy. "Being a doctor I started checking patients free of charge, started going for medical camps. And over a period of 15 years discovered an NGO who genuinely help people; they don’t take aid from anywhere and they organise their own camps and help people," says Acharya.

Acharya says, “If charity is to done with the aim of saving save taxes then it can be done by donating to an NGO, where the work of the NGO gives it the benefit of section 80G.” And then she adds, “If one really wants to help then that individual should give their time along with money, and they should see the effort people are putting before donating because it’s not about just helping; it’s about helping the one person who genuinely needs it.”

Ramesh Krishnan, a Cost & Management Accountant expert with Olive Lifesciences says, “My advice is that, people who want to give charity & donation should choose the institution approved by Income tax.” Giving an example he says that Government funds like – Prime Minister Relief Fund, Chief Minister Relief Fund, Earth-quake Relief Fund, Flood Relief Fund has 100% deduction eligibility etc. which is more beneficial. 


The third thing that may require some attention is where individuals would want to give out charity but they are not sure who to give. Tahseen Alam, Regional Advocacy Manager-EMPHASIS at CARE says, “It is important that one identifies for what purpose they would like to contribute. India is an emerging economy but there still exists massive inequality and poverty among sections of the population. Individual contributions play a role in addressing critical issues including children's education, women's empowerment, disaster response, livelihood support, etc.”  

(This is the submission draft. The story had appeared in June issue of Money Today. You can read the final version Click here or copy paste the given below link-- 


http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/tax-saving-tips-contribute-to-charities-and-ngos/1/206573.html)